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October 10th, 2016

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Florence Cathedral or Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore or even Il Duomo di Firenze is Florence’s main church and the fourth largest church in the world.

Florence Cathedral Italy: The City's Most Iconic Landmark

The structure, and in particular its red tiled Dome and the pink, green and white of its façade is Florence’s most dominant landmark.

Florence itself is a memorable city for anyone on an Italian vacation. The urban landscape has not changed since the medieval times – the streets are narrow and atmospheric, and Florence Cathedral completes the package perfectly.

When Was the Florence Cathedral Built? 

The story about Florence Cathedral goes that Florence was unhappy with having a small cathedral that was unsuitable for the size of its congregation, while its urban neighbours Pisa and Siena were undertaking reconstruction projects of their cathedrals. Construction began in 1296 when the first stone was laid, and the structure took over 140 years to complete, reaching completion in 1496. However, the façade remained unfinished until the 19th Century.

Who Built the Florence Cathedral?

The cathedral was built through the efforts of several master builders across different periods. The initial construction was overseen by Arnolfo di Cambio, who was hired in 1294 to design the cathedral. The most famous contribution came from Filippo Brunelleschi, who built the cathedral's iconic dome between 1420 and 1436 – creating one of the most impressive pieces of architecture from the Renaissance period. A statue of Brunelleschi now sits outside in the Piazza del Duomo, looking up at his masterwork. The final touch to the cathedral came much later, as the façade was completed in the 19th century.

Uncover the fascinating history of Florence's architectural masterpiece with our Half Day Guided Private Walking Tour of Florence, where expert guides bring centuries of history to life.

Who Designed the Florence Cathedral? 

The cathedral's design was a collaborative effort spanning centuries. The original design came from Arnolfo di Cambio in 1294, who laid out the initial plans for the cathedral. Later, Filippo Brunelleschi made his mark by designing and engineering the revolutionary dome structure. The final piece of the design puzzle came in the 19th century when Emilio de Fabris won the competition to design the façade, creating the striking exterior we see today with its distinctive white, green, and pink marble pattern.

Follow in the footsteps of Renaissance masters on our Private Michelangelo Tour of Florence, connecting the dots between Florence's greatest architectural achievements.

Facts about Il Duomo in Florence: Interior Treasures and Hidden Gems

The interior of Florence Cathedral is quite a contrast to the exterior. It does preserve many important works of art but some of the sculptures that were created for the Florence Cathedral have since been moved to the Museo Dell’Opera dell Duomo. As a result, it seems much more empty when you compare it to the opulent design of the outside of the building.

One of the earliest works of art inside Florence Cathedral is Gaddi’s mosaic of the Enthronement of Mary that is above the inside of the main door. The frescoes in the inside of the Dome are particularly colourful – designed by Vasari and painted by his student Zuccarri. They do have a reputation of being less than good because his student painted them. But recent renovations have really brought out the colour of the work, if not the technique.

The Engineering Marvel of Florence Cathedral's Dome

If you visit Florence Cathedral during your Italian vacation, you can also climb the dome of Florence Cathedral. It is wonderful to get close to the impressive structure which was quite genius in its design at that time. Whilst you are up here surveying Brunelleschi’s Florence Duomo, you can reflect on the fact that no one else but him seemed to be able to think of a way to fill the 150 ft wide space for a dome. It was a problem that worried the authorities in the city but he managed to solve it taking inspiration from the Pantheon in Rome. You will also get a fabulous view of the city of Florence, also.

Beyond Florence Cathedral: The Bell Tower and Baptistery

The bell tower also forms a striking part of the Florence cathedral complex – along with the Duomo Florence, the basilica and the baptistery. Although its known as Giotto’s bell tower the renaissance painter died when only the first two levels were complete. It was saved, and structurally improved by sculptor Andrea Pisano. Talenti completed the tower in 1359 and again improved the design. At that point, it became known as ‘The Lily of Florence’.

The baptistery – another part of the cathedral complex – is situated across from the cathedral and is one of Florence’s oldest buildings built between the 4th century and the 7th century. It is perhaps best known for its north doors – designed and created by Ghiberti. Dating from 1401, they are made up of 28 striking bronze panels that scholars tend to say marked the beginning of the renaissance given the techniques he used in the bronze scenes. Dubbed the gates of paradise after Michelangelo – whose word was considered law on art – said they ‘are so beautiful they could grace the entrance to paradise.’

Visit Florence Cathedral: Expert-Guided Tours and Experiences

The Florence Cathedral took over 140 years to create a masterpiece that continues to amaze visitors today. Each detail tells a story of innovation, artistry, and Renaissance ambition. To fully appreciate this architectural wonder, consider exploring it with an expert guide who can unveil its secrets and historical significance. At Avventure Bellissime, we specialize in creating memorable experiences through our carefully crafted tours:

Discover the cathedral's hidden gems on our intimate Florence Walking Tour, where local experts share fascinating insights and stories you won't find in guidebooks. For a more comprehensive experience, our Half Day Guided Private Walking Tour includes privileged access to both the Uffizi and Accademia galleries, allowing you to understand the cathedral's place in Florence's artistic heritage. Art enthusiasts will particularly appreciate our Private Michelangelo Tour, which connects the dots between the cathedral and other Renaissance masterpieces while exploring the Accademia Gallery and Bargello Museum.

Whether you're a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveler, these tours offer unique perspectives on one of Italy's most remarkable monuments.

The Florence Cathedral took over 140 years to complete – more if you consider the work on the façade. So, there’s so much detail to see. To be sure you don’t miss anything, it’s a good idea to take a tour of the site when you visit. At Avventure Bellissime - the Italian tours and Italian vacation experts - our guests can enjoy informative, intimate and entertaining tours of Florence’s main sights – including the Florence Cathedral, Il Duomo di Firenze. You can join us on:

Our small group David and Renaissance walk tour or, our new Florence in a day tour or view all of our tour options in Florence.